Boost and Burn

Carnitine In the human body, carnitine is synthesized primarily in the liver and kidneys but over 95% of the body’s carnitine is located in the heart and skeletal muscle because these tissues have high energy demands and derive most of their energy from fat. In fact, this is carnitine’s primary biological role: converting fatty acids (from dietary fat or excess carbohydrate that was converted into fat) into compounds that can be transported into the mitochondria where they are burned to produce energy. Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” or “energy generators” of cells because they are the literal sites of energy synthesis. L-carnitine occurs naturally in all foods, but significant amounts are found only in animal foods, particularly dark meats such as red meat (beef, lamb, bison), dark meat poultry, and pork and fish, due to high concentrations of mitochondria. (The name carnitine is derived from its first having been isolated from meat—“carne.”)

Carnitine supplementation may be especially beneficial for individuals following vegetarian or strict vegan diets because neither preformed carnitine nor its precursors are present in adequate amounts to support optimal health. The human body synthesizes carnitine from the amino acids lysine and methionine, with iron, niacin, and vitamins C and B6 as cofactors. (The fatigue often associated with deficiency in vitamin C or iron may result in part from decreased carnitine synthesis.) Carnitine may be considered a “conditionally essential” nutrient because even though the body does produce it, this relatively limited synthesis may not be adequate during periods of increased demand and under certain metabolic states. D-ribose is a compound essential for biological function and energy generation.

Ribose is needed to synthesize DNA (the genetic material) and other important molecules. It’s also the starting point for synthesizing ATP, the energy molecule all cells use to do their work. For this reason, D-ribose is a perfect partner for L-carnitine in supporting sustained energy levels and healthy metabolic function.

Pantothenic acid is included in this formula because it is required for numerous life-sustaining biochemical reactions. With regard to supporting fat burning and mitochondrial function, B5 is essential for the reactions that convert fats and carbohydrates into energy. For these reasons, administering pantothenic acid along with carnitine may be beneficial for the purpose of facilitating fat burning, weight loss and promoting healthy energy levels.

• Carnitine Increases Endurance
• The effects of acute L-carnitine supplementation on endurance performance of athletes
• Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on endurance exercise in normobaric/normoxic and hypobaric/hypoxic conditions
• Carnitine Enhances Weight Loss & Fat Burn
• The effect of (L-)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
• The effect of l-carnitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body composition in slightly overweight subjects
• Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans - PMC
• Carnitine Prevents Muscle Damage
• The effect of two-week L-carnitine supplementation on exercise -induced oxidative stress and muscle damage
•  Carnitine Boosts Brain Function
• L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial
• Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia
• Carnitine Regulates Blood Sugar & Has Application in Type 2 Diabetes
• L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients
• Caloric restriction and L-carnitine administration improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose metabolism
• Carnitine May Be Useful as an Adjunct in Cardiovascular Disease
• Controlled study on L-carnitine therapeutic efficacy in post-infarction
• L-carnitine as an adjunct therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
• Does left ventricular function improve with L-carnitine after acute myocardial infarction?
• Metabolic treatment with L-carnitine in acute anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. A randomized controlled trial
• L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
• Carnitine Improves Peripheral Neuropathy
• Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy 
• Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
• Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: an analysis of two randomized placebo-controlled trials
• Carnitine Improves Depression Symptoms Comparable to Medication
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• Comparative Safety of Pharmacologic Treatments for Persistent Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
• Carnitine Supports Sperm Quality, Concentration and Motility
• L-carnitine levels in the seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men: correlation with sperm quality
• Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial
• A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia
• Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia